托福考试听写训练营 06-section 1-lecture 1
发布：常州环球雅思英语学校 点击数： 发布时间：2013-8-9 11:48:26
摘要: 常州环球雅思小编为大家带来托福听写训练营06-section1-lecture1，考生可以借鉴参考一下，以下是具体内容： narrator:listentopartofalectureinaneconomicsclass. 独白:请听下
常州环球雅思小编为大家带来托福听写训练营 06-section 1-lecture 1，考生可以借鉴参考一下，以下是具体内容：
narrator :listen to part of a lecture in an economics class.
独白 :请听下面经济学课的一部分。
professor :now when i mention the terms “boom and bust”, what is that going to mind?
教授 :现在当我提及“繁荣与泡沫”这一术语，跃入同学们脑中的会是哪些经济事件?
student :the dotcom crash of the'90s.
学生 :90年代末的互联网泡沫危机。
professor :ok.the boom in the late 1990s when all those new internet companies sprung up and then sold for huge amounts of money.
教授 :是的。互联网行业兴起于二十世纪九十年代，当时诸多互联网公司蓬勃兴起，并持续以高价转手。
then the bust around 2000…2001 when many of those same internet companies went out of business.
直到约2000，2001年，许多公司都面临破产，互联网行业的繁荣也就宣告终结。
of course, booms aren't always followed by busts.
当然，行业繁荣并不总是以泡沫而告终。
we've certainly seen times when local economies expanded rapidly for a while and then went back to a normal pace of growth.
在许多时期，地区经济在高速扩张后回落，继续以正常速率发展。
but, there's a type of rapid expansion, what might be called the hysterical or irrational boom that pretty much always leads to a bust.
然而，确实存在一种剧烈的行业扩张，被称为超速或非理性繁荣，它通常以产业泡沫破裂而终结。
see, people often create and intensify a boom when they get carried away by some new industry that seems like it will make them lots of money fast.
一旦某一新兴产业能够迅速带来巨额财富，人们便忘乎所以地不断地为膨胀的行业泡沫加砝码。
you'd think that by the 90s, people would have learned from the past.
你们或许认为，经济发展到九十年代，人们应该学会吸取教训，以理性的态度对待产业发展。
if they did, well, look at tulips.
然而事实并非如此，让我们来回顾郁金香产业泡沫的崩溃过程。
student :tulips? you mean like the flower?
学生 :郁金香?您是指花卉?
professor :exactly.
教授 :是的。
for instance, do you have any idea where tulips are from? originally i mean.
同学们知道郁金香发源自何处吗?
student :well, the netherlands, right?
学生 :荷兰，对吗?
professor :that's what most people think, but no.
教授 :许多人都这样认为，但事实并非如此。
they are not native to the netherlands, or even europe.
郁金香并非原产自荷兰或者欧洲的其他地区。
tulips actually hail from an area that chinese call the celestial mountains in central asia.a very remote mountainous region.
郁金香初生于亚洲中部昆仑山脉这一非常遥远的山区。
it was turkish nomads who first discovered tulips and spread them slowly westward.
土耳其游牧民族最先发现了郁金香而后将其逐渐带往西方。
now, around the 16th century, europeans were traveling to istanbul and turkey as merchants and diplomats.
在十六世纪左右，欧洲人不断前往伊斯坦布尔和土耳其经商或从事政治外交活动，
and the turks often gave the europeans tulip bulbs as gifts which they would carry home with them.
当地人便将郁金香球茎作为礼物赠送给欧洲人。
for the europeans, tulips were totally unheard of. er…a great novelty.
对欧洲人而言，郁金香是闻所未闻极为新奇的物种，
the first bulb to show up in the netherlands, the merchant who received them roasted and ate them. he thought they were kind of onion.
最初其球茎出现在荷兰时，当地商人甚至将其作为某种洋葱烘烤食用。
it turns out that the netherlands was an ideal country for growing tulips.
事实证明，荷兰的气候极其适合郁金香的种植。
it had the right kind of sandy soil for one thing,
一方面，荷兰当地拥有适宜郁金香生长的沙状土，
but also, it was a wealthy nation with a growing economy, willing to spend lots of money on new exotic things.
另一方面，荷兰十分富有，经济发展迅速，因此商人愿意投资发展这一新兴产业。
plus, the dutch had a history of gardening.
再加上荷兰人生性喜爱园艺，
wealthy people would compete, spending enormous amounts of money to buy the rarest flowers for their gardens.
富有阶层则不遗余力地花费重金，收集最为稀有的花卉品种。
soon tulips were beginning to show up in different colors as growers tried to breed them specifically for colors which would make them even more valuable.
随后，种植者开始专注于培育颜色各异的郁金香花，以进一步增加其球茎的价值，
but they were never completely sure what they would get.
但问题在于种植者并不能保证颜色培育的成功。
some of the most priced tulips were white with purple stricks, or red with yellow stricks on the paddles, even a dark purple tulip that was very much priced.
当时最为贵重的郁金香种类包括花瓣上带有紫色彩带的白色花朵、带有黄色彩带的红色花朵，以及深紫色花朵等。
what happened then was a craze for these specialized tulips.
紧接着一场围绕“特色”郁金香的产业狂潮便展开了，
we called that craze “tulip mania”.
我们称之为“郁金香狂潮”。
so, here we've got all the conditions for an irrational boom:
现在我们已经得出了产业非理性发展的必要条件:
a prospering economy, so more people had more disposable income-money to spend on luxuries, but they weren't experienced at investing their new wealth.
首先，繁荣的市场经济，即不理智的、缺乏经验的消费者拥有大量可支配收入来购买、投资奢侈品。
then along comes a thrilling commodity.
其次，出现某种新奇刺激的商品。
sure the first specimens were just played right in tulips,
虽然最初的郁金香品种较为普通，
but they could be bred into some extraordinary variations, like that dark purple tulip.
但随后种植者培育出各种奇特的变种，例如深紫色郁金香等等。
and finally, you have an unregulated market place, no government constrains, where price could explode.
最后，产业市场缺乏政府监管，价格得以自由攀升。
and explode they did, starting in the 1630s.
于是郁金香价格在十七世纪三十年代开始暴涨，
there was always much more demand for tulips than supply.
这是由于市场需求一直远远高于供给。
tulips didn't bloom frequently like roses.
郁金香与玫瑰不同，
tulips bloomed once in the early spring. and that was it for the year.
它每年只在春季开一次花。所以较为珍贵。
eventually, specially-bred multi-colored tulips became so valuable, well, according to records, one tulip bulb was worth 24 tons of wheat, or thousand pounds of cheese.
最终，特别培育的混色郁金香的价格上升到了不可思议的水平，根据历史记录，一枚郁金香球茎与 24 吨小麦或几千磅起司等值，
one particular tulip bulb was sold and exchanged for a small sheep.
而某种特殊球茎甚至与小型轮船等值。
in other words, tulips were literally worth their weight in gold.
换句话说，郁金香已如黄金般珍贵。
as demand grew, people began selling promissory notes guaranteeing the future delivery of priced tulip bulbs.
随着市场需求的不断膨胀，商人开始出售本票来确保未来高价郁金香的供给，
the buyers of these pieces of paper would resell the notes and mark up prices.
而本票购买者则以更高价格再次出售从而获利。
these promissory notes kept changing hands from buyer to buyer until the tulip was ready for delivery.
这些本票在不同投资者之间转手，直到最终郁金香球茎正式交货才会停止。
but it was all pure speculation because as i said, there was no way to know if the bulb was really going to produce the variety, the color that was promised.
但正如我刚才提到的，郁金香培育者对于花朵色彩的估计是缺乏科学分析的，人们并不能确保球茎确实能够发育成各色花朵，
but that didn't matter to the owner of the note.
但本票投资者并不关心这一信息，
the owner only cared about having that piece of paper so it could be traded later at a profit.
这些投机商人只关心本票的价格能否在未来转变为高额利润。
and people were borrowing, mortgaging their homes in many cases to obtain those bits of paper because they were sure they'd find an easy way to make money.
人们甚至通过借款、抵押住房来购买郁金香本票，以为自己发现了一夜暴富的捷径。
so now, you've got all the ingredients for a huge bust.
现在同学们已经知晓了经济泡沫破裂的所有必要条件，
and bust it did, when one cold february morning in 1637, a group of bulb traders got together and discovered that suddenly there were no bidders.
而郁金香产业的崩溃也不可避免的来临了。1637 年 2 月的一个寒冷的早晨，郁金香球茎贩卖者们聚集在一起，
nobody wanted to buy.
发现突然之间再无人愿意出价购买郁金香。
panic spread like wild fire and the tulip market collapsed totally.
恐慌情绪如野火般肆意蔓延，郁金香市场彻底崩溃了。
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